Pterygium Treatment

Apollo Prime Eye Hospitals

What is Pterygium Treatment?

Pterygium treatment involves managing a benign, wedge-shaped growth on the white part of the eye that may extend onto the cornea. Mild cases are treated with lubricating or anti-inflammatory eye drops to relieve irritation. For larger or vision-threatening growths, surgical removal is recommended. Advanced techniques like conjunctival autografting or amniotic membrane transplantation help reduce recurrence and improve healing.

Causes of Pterygium Treatment

  • Excessive UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight without eye protection is a major cause.
  • Dry, Dusty, or Windy Environments: Chronic irritation from environmental factors can contribute to pterygium development.
  • Age: More commonly affects adults, especially those over 30 who spend time outdoors.
  • Geographic Location: People living near the equator or in sunny climates are at higher risk.
  • Chronic Eye Irritation: Conditions causing dryness or repeated irritation may promote growth.
  • Genetics: A family history of pterygium may increase susceptibility.

Symptoms of Pterygium Treatment

  • Visible growth on the white part of the eye, often triangular in shape
  • Redness and inflammation, especially when exposed to sunlight or wind
  • Dryness or gritty sensation in the eye (foreign body sensation)
  • Blurred or distorted vision if the growth extends onto the cornea
  • Itching or burning in the affected eye
  • Increased tearing or watery eyes
  • Cosmetic concerns due to the noticeable appearance of the growth

How is pterygium treated?

Mild cases are treated with lubricating or anti-inflammatory eye drops. Severe or vision-threatening cases may require surgical removal.

What are the surgical techniques for Pterygium Treatment?

Conjunctival Autografting

This is the most commonly used method where the pterygium is removed and the bare sclera is covered with the patient’s own conjunctival tissue from another part of the eye.

Key Benefits

  • Low recurrence rate
  • Better cosmetic outcome
  • No foreign material used

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation

An alternative to autografting, amniotic membrane from a donor is placed over the affected area to reduce inflammation and prevent recurrence.

Advantages

  • Anti-inflammatory and healing properties
  • Useful in recurrent or large pterygium
  • Promotes faster recovery

Fibrin Glue Assisted Grafting

This technique uses biological glue instead of sutures to fix the graft in place, reducing surgical time and postoperative discomfort.

Benefits

  • Faster recovery and less pain
  • No stitches required
  • Better cosmetic appearance

Bare Sclera Technique

An older method where the pterygium is removed and the area is left uncovered. It has a higher recurrence rate and is less commonly used today.

Limitations

  • Simple and quick
  • Higher risk of recurrence
  • Less commonly recommended

FAQs

What is a pterygium?
A pterygium is a non-cancerous, triangular growth of tissue on the conjunctiva that can extend onto the cornea. It is often caused by prolonged exposure to UV light, dust, or wind.
What are the symptoms of pterygium?
Symptoms may include redness, irritation, a feeling of something in the eye, blurred vision, or a visible tissue growth on the white part of the eye.
Is pterygium dangerous?
While pterygium is usually benign, it can grow large enough to distort the cornea or obstruct vision, requiring surgical removal in such cases.
How is pterygium treated?
Mild cases can be managed with lubricating or anti-inflammatory eye drops. For larger or bothersome growths, surgical removal is the primary treatment, often followed by graft placement to reduce recurrence.
Can pterygium come back after surgery?
Yes, recurrence is possible. However, using advanced surgical techniques like conjunctival autografts and anti-scarring medications significantly reduces the risk of recurrence.

Care Tips After Pterygium Treatment

After pterygium surgery, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. Use prescribed eye drops regularly to reduce inflammation and prevent infection. Avoid rubbing or touching the eye, wear sunglasses to protect from UV rays, and limit exposure to dust and wind. Attend all follow-up appointments to monitor healing and watch for any signs of recurrence or complications.